RPS Resource Property Services

In 2002, the Pacific Mall's board became dissatisfied with the performance of their property management company, Living Properties, and hired RPS.

RPS, incorporated on 15 August 1988, was a property management company for commercial, residential and condominium clients. William Garland was
the president and major shareholder of RPS from its inception until folded
in July 2004.

RPS opened and operated a number of current bank accounts at the RBC Royal Bank in connection with its business for its own account and on behalf of its clients.

RBC provided RPS access to what was initially telephone banking but which subsequently evolved to become Internet banking. When RPS opened a new account, it could be accessed, along with its other accounts, through the Internet by use of an access code.

When RPS became the Mall's property manager, the Mall's operating bank account was changed from the Bank of East Asia to RBC. The Plaintiff’s reserve fund remained at the Bank of East Asia.

On 28 November 2002, the condo board executed a resolution which gave William Garland and Kandiah Sivaneswaran (RPS's accountant) signing authority to a maximum of $100. Any cheque in excess of $100 required the signature of any two directors of the condominium.

RBS officially began its duties as property manager effective on
01 December 2002.


The Pacific Mall

On a monthly basis RPS provided the Board a detailed written report containing an agenda; the property manager’s report; detailed monthly financial statements together with copies of the RBC bank statements for the account for the period in question. The bank statements were addressed to RPS.

Everything seemed fine but the directors of the Pacific Mall did not know that RPS was using the money in their operation's account to run their business.

Breach of trust
Later,  Kandiah Sivaneswaran testified that when he first joined RPS in 2000, it was RPS’ practice whenever it or Daniels Associates, Garland’s other company, needed money, to take an advance from the client accounts and then return the monies at a later time when RPS or Daniels had the funds.

Sivaneswaran said that the decisions as to which account would be accessed and how much money would be taken were always made by Garland.

The unaudited financial statements for RPS show on the balance sheet, under current liabilities an item entitled “Due to client trust accounts” in the amount of
Year ending Amount
31 July 2001 $320,195.00
31 July 2002 $196,709.00
31 July 2003 $196,709.00
31 July 2004 $564,951.00

RPS began taking trust money from the Pacific Mall's Account in 2003 and utilizing it for its own operational purposes or to pay back other clients. Sivaneswaran withdrew money from the Pacific Mall's Account from time to time as a"prepaid expense" and placed in another RPS account at RBC by internet transfer.

In 2003 the amount was $400,000.

Throughout 2003, RPS also transferred money back into the Account from time to time by internet transfer. Prior to the end of 2003, RPS ensured that all of the monies it took from the Account during the year had been returned in order that when the Plaintiff’s auditors audited its 2003 financial statements, everything would appear to be in order.

Between February and October, 2004, RPS transferred by internet transfer a total of $408,381.47 from the Account to its operating account and payroll account, one of its trust accounts and two client accounts at RBC.

In November 2004, RPS transferred $38,000 back into the account, leaving a shortfall of $370,381.47.

Brought in new partners
In May 2004, Garland sold 80% of RPS to two investors who absorbed the company's debts. On 19 November 2004, Sivaneswaran advised the investors  that $408,000 had to be deposited to the Pacific Mall's Account by the following week.

This was an attempt by Garland and Sivaneswaran to obtain the money needed to deposit into the Pacific Mall's account before the mall's year end to avoid detection by the mall's auditors.

When they inquired further, the investors were told by Sivaneswaran that RPS had borrowed the money from the Pacific Mall and it had to be paid back. When they heard that surprising news, they withdrew from the property management company.

Change in management
In January 2005, because they were unhappy with services provided,  the Board terminated RPS and re-hired Living Properties, who took over the management of the Pacific Mall in the middle of February 2005.

Mr. Selwyn Pais, the controller for Living Properties, was involved in the transition of the Pacific Mall’s management back to Living Properties.

One of the initial problems he encountered was a cash flow issue which should not have been a problem.

Mr. Pais had difficulty getting any information from RPS. As a result, on 01 February 2005, he requested financial information in writing from RPS including the bank statements for the mall's account with reconciliation as of 31 January 2005.

In the absence of a response, further written requests were made. Solicitors for both the Pacific Mall and RPS got involved. Eventually, on 28 February and 01 March 2005, Mr. Pais received some but not all of the information he requested from RPS.

Based on the financial information which was received from RPS, Mr. Pais determined, among other things, that between 04 February 2004 and November 2004, a net amount of $370,381.47 had been transferred out of the account by internet transfer to other bank accounts at RBC. Mr. Pais reported his findings to the mall’s Board.

The jig is up
On 03 June 2005, Mr. Pais wrote to the RBC and advised that certain transfers from the Account in 2004 totalling $370,381.47 had not been authorized by the mall's board.

Following receipt of the letter, RBC determined that the transfers were made into other RPS’ accounts at the RBC, including RPS’ general account, its payroll account and its trust account as well as two other client trust accounts.

On 05 July 2005, RBC closed all of RPS’s bank accounts at RBC and RPS ceased carrying on business in August 2005.

Lawsuit
The Pacific Mall was out $370,381.47 and naturally they sued everyone involved, including the RBC Royal Bank. The case was heard five years later in June 2010.

Kandiah Sivaneswaran testified that the monies taken from the Pacific Mall's operating account were used in part to pay the salaries of Garland, his wife and two children as well as personal expenses. However, because there was no direct evidence of such, the judge rejected this evidence.

Justice Pattillo wrote: "While Garland knew about the transfers and permitted them to occur, it was Sivaneswaran, in my view, who effected all of the transfers from the various accounts, including the Account. In the aftermath of what has happened, it is clear that they each blame the other for what has happened."

The judge ruled that RBC was not at fault and zeroed in on William Garland.

The judge awarded the Pacific Mall $370,381.47, plus interest, against RPS for breach of contract, conversion and breach of trust. The company was out of business so I assume that is why the judge awarded the Mall an identical amount against William Garland for breach of trust.

Costs
In March 2011, the court awarded the Pacific Mall its full $113,267.80 in legal costs. It is unknown how much of that they were successful in collecting.

Against that award, the Pacific Mall lost its case against the Royal Bank of Canada which won its costs on a partial indemnity basis, fixed at $78,594.60.

So who won?
The lawyers won, no one else. The Pacific Mall took five years to be awarded their losses and legal costs against which they had to pay the RBC for their legal costs. How much of the award they actually collected is undetermined.

It is unknown how much RPS's other clients lost.

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